This is how long you need to be alone to reset your brain

This is how long you need to be alone to reset your brainThis is how long you need to be alone to reset your brainFor some of us, the idea of being alone with ourselves scares us mora than any other challenge well face in our life. Solitude scares us so much that we prefer to be out doing something instead of sitting in solitude doing nothing, even if that something causes us pain. In a recent (depressing) study, psychologists found that when given a choice, people would prefer to shock themselves with electricity as opposed to sit alone with their own thoughts.Technology allows us to escape our troubled minds mora easily than ever. With our smart devices attached to our hands and ears, we never need to be alone with no one to talk to and nothing to do. There will always be some app to converse with or a person to call.But a new study inPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletinfinds that solitude away from devices and people is a necessary and healthy way to recharge and reset our o verstimulated brains.Study 15 minutes of alone time is enough to deactivate your stressful emotionsStudent participants in the Solitude as an Approach to Affective Self-Regulation study were split up into two groups those who got to talk to a researcher about their studies and those who were told to sit away from their electronic devices and do nothing for 15 minutes. Although the students who talked to the researcher experienced no changes, the ones in solitude experienced significant decreases in positive and negative feelings like excitement, anger, and anxiety.What you can doIf you need to reset your emotions, go somewhere where you can be alone.The set of studies thus suggested that people can use solitude, or other variations on being alone, to regulate their affective states, becoming quiet after excitement, calm after an angry episode, or centered and peaceful when desired, the study concluded.Having the intensity of negative emotions decrease is good, but how can people enj oy their solitude more, so that they can be calm and peaceful without being more lonely?It starts with seeing solitude as an opportunity.When you see the option to be alone as a choice, as opposed to a life sentence, that affects how your brain sees your time alone. Researchers found that participants would report feeling less lonely and more calm when they actively chose to be alone.So, next time you feel yourself getting overwhelmed with emotions, turn off your phone and walk away from your chatty colleagues. It may be the small yet impactful breather you need to keep going.

12 books that every leader should read

12 books that every leader should read12 books that every leader should readI have been maintaining and occasionally updating - a list of Books That Every Leader Should Read on my oldWork Mattersblog since 2011. These are books that have taught me much about people, teams, and organizations - while at the same time - provide useful guidance (if sometimes indirectly) about what it takes to lead well versus badly. This is the latest update, which I overhauled in 2015 and tweaked each of the last two years. I left out many of my favorites and probably many of yurs as well. After all, some 11,000 geschftlicher umgang books are published in the United States every year.Many on the list are research-based, others tell detailed stories, and only two are quick reads (Orbiting the Giant Hairballand Parkinsons Law). That reflects my bias. I lean toward books that have real substance beneath them. This runs counter to the belief in the business book world that people will only buy and read books that are very short and simple and have just one idea.So, if your kind of business book isThe One Minute Manager (which frankly, I like too but you can read the whole thing in 20 or 30 minutes), then you probably wont like most of these books.1.The Progress Principleby Teresa Amabile and Steven Kramer. A masterpiece of evidence-based management - the strongest argument I know that the big things are the little things.2.Influenceby Robert Cialdini. The classic book about how to persuade people to do things, how to defend against persuasion attempts, and the underlying evidence. I have been using this in class at Stanford for over 25 years, and I have had dozens of students say to me years later I dont remember much else about your class, but I leise use and think about that Cialdini book. I also am impressed with Cialdinis 2016 bestseller,Pre-Suasion, which adds wonderful new evidence-based twists. And while some of the examples in the original book are getting a bit dated, I suggest starting with the classic and then reading the new one.3.Made to Stickby Chip and Dan Heath is a modern masterpiece, and already a classic after just a few years.How to design ideas that people will remember and act on. I still look at it a couple times a month and I buy two or three copies at a time because people are always borrowing it from me. I often tell them to keep it because they rarely give it back anyway. And, for my tastes, it has the best business book titel of all time - the duct tape even looks and feels real.4.Thinking, Fast and Slowby Daniel Kahneman. Even though the guy won the Nobel Prize, this book is surprisingly readable. A book about how we humans really think, and although it isnt designed to do this, Kahneman also shows how and why so much of the stuff you read in the business press is crap. Ive also read rave reviews for Michael Lewis new bookThe Undoing Project,which tells the tale of the complex relationship between Daniel Kahneman and his col league the late Amos Tversky (who would have shared the Nobel with Kahneman if he had lived). I bought it, but havent read it5.Quiet, by Susan Cain. I have long been a fan of this book. The blend of storytelling, Cains writing voice, and evidence is something to behold. There are three reasons Ive moved to my leadership list. The first is that the influence seems to grow every year every leader I know now talks about the difference between leading introverts and extroverts. Leaders and future leaders who are introverts now are more confident, and understand better how to blend their style with extroverts. And, from the academic perspective, I believe it is no accident that, since Cains book was published, there has been a big upswing in research on the virtues and nuances of extroverts - as leaders, group members, romantic partners, and on an on. Second, Cain does a magnificent job of taking down open office designs - which are especially tough in introverts but undermine producti vity, satisfaction, and healthy social interaction for all employees in ways that advocates have denied for decades (despite all the evidence of drawbacks). Cains book has, I believe, played a substantial role in the pushbackagainst open offices. Third, and on a more personal level, my wife readQuietfor the first time this year. She is an introvert and has beena successful leaderfor the past 25 years or so, first at a large law firm, and as CEO of the Girl Scouts of Northern California for the last decade. The book helped her understand why she has been successful and how to fine-tune her leadership style depending on whether the staff, adult volunteers, and girls she works with are more introverted or extroverted.6.Orbiting the Giant Hairballby Gordon MacKenzie. It is hard to explain, sort of like trying to tell a stranger about rock and roll, as the old song goes. But it is one of the two best creativity books ever written, and one of the best business books of any kind even thou gh it is nearly an anti-business book. Gordons voice and love creativity and self-expression - and how to make it happen despite the obstacles that unwittingly heartless organizations put in the way - make this book a joy.7.Creativity,Inc.by Ed Catmull. One of the best business/leadership/organization design books ever written this andHairballare a great pair. I wrote a more detailed review of Eds wonderful bookhere. As I wrote in my blurb, and this is no B.S., This is the best book ever written on what it takes to build a creative organization. It is the best because Catmulls wisdom, modesty, and self-awareness fill every page. He shows how Pixars greatness results from connecting the specific little things they do (mostly things that anyone can do in any organization) to the big goal that drives everyone in the company making films that make them feel proud of one aelendher. I read this book from cover to cover again about a month ago there is so much there as Ed brings in so much of his amazing life and gleans so many lessons about leadership and lifeI confess that I am biased about this book. I have met Ed several times and swayed by his modesty, smarts and how well he listens. The last time we met, Ed told me a great story. He and his editor were having trouble with the flow of the book. So he asked a couple of the Pixar script writers who worked on the filmMonsters INCto read the draft and make suggestions. Ed said they spotted the problem right away and came up with a great solution. Ed has resources that other authors dont That beautiful cover is a Pixar design too.8. Leading Teamsby the late J. Richard Hackman. When it comes to the topic of groups or teams, there is Hackman and there is everyone else. If you want a light feel good romp that isnt very evidence-based, readThe Wisdom of Teams. If want to know how teams really work and what it really takes to build, sustain, and lead them from a man who was immersed in the problem as a researcher, coa ch, consultant, and designer for over 40 years, this is the book for you. Oh, and if you want the cheat sheet although you are missing enough that you are mostly cheating yourself - check out HackmansHBRpiece, the very definition of profound simplicity, a lifetime of wisdom and (I am guessing) the results of 1000 studies summarized in six concise points.9.Give and TakebyAdam Grant. Adam is the hottest organizational researcher of his generation. When I read the pre-publication version, I was so blown away by how useful, important, and interesting thatGive and Take was that I gave it one of the most enthusiastic blurbs of my life Give and Takejust might be the most important book of this young century. As insightful and entertaining as Malcolm Gladwell at his best, this book has profound implications for how we manage our careers, deal with our friends and relatives, raise our children, and design our institutions. This gem is a joy to read, and it shatters the myth that greed is t he path to success. In other words, Adam shows how and why you dont need to be a selfish asshole to succeed in this life. America - and the world - would be a better place if all of us memorized and applied Adams worldview. I love this book - I give it to Stanford students and executives all the time, especially when they worry aloud that, to get ahead, their only choice is to be a selfish asshole.10.Parkinsons Lawby the late C. Northcote Parkinson. Youve probably heard of Parkinsons Law, which he first proposed inThe Economist in 1955 It is a commonplace observation that work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. I had as well, but I never knew much aboutC. Northcote Parkinson, nor had I read his 1958 gem of the same name (I didnt even know it existed) until Huggy Rao and I started writingScaling Up Excellenceand my well read co-author pointed me to this collection of essays. Parkinson was quite a guy - a scholar of public administration, naval historian, and author of over 60 books. For our scaling book, I was especially taken with his arguments, evidence, and delightfully polite English sarcasm about the negative and predictable effects of group size and administrative bloat. I am also a big fan ofThe Peter Principle, which is similar in some ways, (I wrote the forward to the 40 Anniversary Edition),butParkinsons Lawis an even better book.11.To Sell is Humanby Dan Pink. You might ask, what does this have to do with management and leadership? Read the book. Dan does a masterful job of showing how, to lead and motivate others, to protect and enhance of the reputations of the people, teams, and organizations we care about, and to have successful careers as well, we all need to be able to sell people our ideas, products, solutions, and yes, ourselves. Dans ability as a storyteller is what makes this book stand above so many others - his stories are not only compelling, they make evidence-based principles come alive. To be honest, I h ad not devoted much attention to this book until my wife picked up a copy and read the whole thing from start to finish in about a day. She then spent the next week raving about all the ways Dans book would help her as CEO of a non-profit in everything from fundraising, to inspiring employees and volunteers, to dealing with the media, to convincing new prospects to join her organizations board. Then I read it myself. As much as I admire Malcolm Gladwell, I believe that Dan Pink just might be the most skilled writer we have at translating behavioral science research. His stuff is so fun to read, it doesnt distort or exaggerate findings, and he does a masterful job of teaching us how to apply the lessons in his books.12.The Path Between the Seasby historian David McCullough. On building the Panama Canal. This is a great story of how creativity happens at a really big scale. It is messy. Things go wrong. People get hurt. But they also triumph and do astounding things. I also like this book because it is the antidote to those who believe that great innovations all come from start-ups and little companies (although there are some wild examples of entrepreneurship in the story - especially the French guy who designs Panamas revolution - including a new flag and declaration of independence as I recall - from his suite in the Waldorf Astoria in New York, and successfully sells the idea to Teddy Roosevelt).As my Stanford colleagueJim Adamspoints out, the Panama Canal, the Pyramids, and putting a man on moon are just a few examples of great human innovations that were led by governments. If you want to learn about what world class scaling clusterfug looks like, read about how the French messed things up and if you want to learn about skilled scaling (with some horrible side-effects) and the amazing U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt, find the time to read this rather massive masterpiece.In addition to these twelve, I was tempted to addCollaborationby Morten Hansen, the best book on the topic ever written andThe Silo EffectbyGillian Tett, which is stunning analysis of why - once organizations are broken into specialized groups - all sorts of bad things that undermine the greater good, along with some mighty thoughtful ideas about how to overcome these problems and make the best use of such specialized and isolated stovepipes. And while I removedWho Says That Elephants Cant Dance, by former IBM Lou Gerstner from my top 12, it remains the best book on the transformation of a large company that I know of - the first half is especially strong.I would love to know of your favorites - and if want a systematic approach to this question, dont forget the 2016 update ofThe 100 Best Business Books of All Timeby Jack Covert, Todd Sattersten, and Sally Haldorson.Bob Sutton is aStanford hochschulprofessorwho studies and writes about leadership, organizational change, and navigating organizational life. Follow me on Twitterwork_matters, and visit mywebsitean d posts onLinkedIn. My latest book isThe Ahole Survival Guide How To Deal With People Who Treat You Like Dirt.Before that, I publishedScaling Up Excellencewith Huggy Rao.My main focus these days is on working with Huggy Rao to develop strategies and tools that help leaders and teamschange their organizations for the better - with a particular focus onorganizational friction.Check out my Stanford FRICTION Podcastat iTunesorSticher.This column first appeared on LinkedIn.

Less is more when it comes to your resume Ladders 2019 Resume Guide

Less is more when it comes to your resume Ladders 2019 Resume GuideLess is more when it comes to your resume Ladders 2019 Resume GuideWe all deal with loss in our lives - in this chapter youre going to deal with loss also - the loss of past achievements that are very near and dear to your heart, but that dont support your job goals.We all have them - me included. As a freshman at Yale, an enterprising group of us living in the same residential college (thats what they call dorms at Yale) put together a proposal to take over the colleges coffee shop. The professor assigned to manage the dorm agreed and we giddily took over The Buttery and ran it for the next several years. Our enthusiasm was only marginally damaged when we did the math and discovered that we were making less than minimum wage for all the hours we put into it.Follow Ladders on FlipboardFollow Ladders magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and moreNonetheless, that ac hievement stayed on my resume for well over a decade because I loved to be reminded of it. Bright college years is the old Yale school song, and thinking about my time in college, and the antics we got into, and the friends made there, felt wonderful. Even years later, it was a happy trip down nostalgia lane for me every time I reminded myself of those times by glancing at my resume.It made me happy to binnensee The Buttery there.But all of those wonderful feelings didnt justify this achievement taking up 3 lines on my resume in the years ahead. While I thought it showed pluck, and energy, and entrepreneurial zeal, it was largely lost on recruiters, and hiring managers, because absolutely nobody really knows what a Buttery is. (Turns out its a funny old word from Europe related to where the butler stashed his stuff - Yale had adopted it for some of our coffee shops).You, too, have achievements from back in the day that dont belong on your resume. They come from a time in college, o r at your first job, or even just a really wonderful experience you had in your last position that you are fond of in a way that doesnt reflect the achievements value in your professional advertisement, but instead reflects the warm fuzzy feeling you get when you think back to that time.Or perhaps it was an achievement that was hard-fought, that caused you nights and weeks of anxiety, and when the triumph came one misty morning, it smelled like victory. Sometimes those battles, and conflicts, and times of terrible effort and concentration that go along with huge achievements have a rosy glow in hindsight. When those achievements support your professional advertisement message, they ought to be included.But when those achievements are simply self congratulatory, represent the joy of victory, or mark a struggle that was more important emotionally than it was professionally, it is important for you to leave them off your resume.Only the achievements and accomplishments that support yo ur professional message deserve to be included. And every achievement that you select to show on your resume should help deliver the message to your future babo about the benefits you can deliver to them in the coming years.So youll need to go through a painful, bittersweet exercise. Review all of your past experiences that you loved - an internship, a college course, a lifeguard job, an early achievement. If it, in fact, supports a key part of your benefit to your future boss, then definitely keep it on your resume.But if, as I discovered in the case of my college nighttime snack shop experience, it is on your resume for reasons that are more sentimental than they are practical, youll need to make the hard choice and remove it.But dont mourn its departure too wistfully. After some time passes, youll discover that your enjoyment of the event is just as great with it off your resume. And youll be even happier with the outcome of having a cleaner, crisper resume that makes the case f or your future employment more concisely.This article is adapted fromLadders 2019 Resume Guide Best Practices Advice from the Leaders in $100K $500K jobs (Ladders, Inc. , 2019). Purchase the Kindle Single for immediate download here.**Disclosure Ladders from time-to-time uses affiliate links. At no additional cost to you, we will receive a commission if you click through and make a purchase.You might also enjoyNew neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happyStrangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds10 lessons from Benjamin Franklins daily schedule that will double your productivityThe worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs10 habits of mentally strong people